Posters

A poster is any large piece of paper which hangs from a wall or other such surface. more...

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They are a frequent tool of advertisers, propagandists, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message, and they also see personal use by people, especially the young, who wish to decorate in a relatively low-cost manner.

Poster history

Placard is familiar to the humankind for a long time. It was widely used yet in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome for announces of histrionics and commercial agreement. Illustrated placard appeared in 1830 and most of all was black-and-white. Up to 1860-ies placard remained monochrome and almost didn’t dither from other kinds of illustrations. Only in the last years of XIX century placard appeared, different from other kinds of illustrations.

It is considered that the first in the history advertisement placard was printed by a bookseller Batdold in 1482 as an advertisement of the new edition of Euclid’s “Geometry”. It didn’t last till nowadays. We have a placard of 1491 left, which offered the honorable public a romance “Beautiful Melousine”. This graphical sheet is noteworthy as well for erotical motifs used there for a first time.

The new life of placard, including advertisement placard, began in 1919. strictly speaking, then the word itself appeared. The Russian variant is a calque of the German, das “Plakat”. In England and USA the word “poster” was used being a derivative from the noun “post”. It’s considered, that in these countries alike sheets were put up first of all near the crowded post station. In France, the word “affiche” settled down.

In 1796 a german Aloiz Sennefedder invented a new technique of printing of images. A picture was put on a special stone with a chemical composition, then the stone was covered with paint. An edition was printed from the stone, which made the production of graphical sheets cheaper on principle. Placards became large format quickly, but up to 1860 the remained one-colored: the printing was done in black on a white or colored background. The invention of chromo-lithographical method is ascribed to a Parisian Godfroi Engelman, who received for it an award of 2000 francs in 1838. But Engelman wasn’t the first. The reliable sources tell that a russian painter Korniliy Jakovlevitch Tromonin in 1832 had already printed in the same method the illustrations to the book about prince Sviatoslav in edition of 600 copies. He was the one who began the first publishing albums of colorful reproduction of artistic creation and decors.

The technical process got more simplified, when in 1865, an austrian baron Von Ransonet invented the technique of photochromolithography, based on use of photographical picture, which permitted to obtain practically any colors by means of three basic colors – blue (cyan), red (magenta) and yellow. It became possible to produce relatively cheap color reproductions which however were able to reproduce the natural colors in mass editions.

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